Fully flexible life size vertebral columns consisting of the occipital plate, cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, complete pelvis with symphysis, removable femur heads (only 40130,31,32). All models also feature representation of the vertebral arteries, spinal nerve branches, and a prolapsed L3-L4 intervertebral disc. On 40131 the left side of the skeleton shows the points of origin (red) and the point of insertion (blue) of the muscles. On 40131 and 40132 the sacral crest and coccyx are removable to show the sacral section of the spinal cord and associated nerve branches. On 40133 the various regions of the spinal column are colour coded for easy identification.
